_____________________
|
_____________________|_____________________
|
_______________________|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
_Peter ABRAMS _______|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| | _____________________|_____________________
| | |
| |_______________________|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
|
|--Carol ABRAMS
|
| _____________________
| |
| _____________________|_____________________
| |
| _Mayer SATINSKY _______|
| | (1865 - 1936) m 1893 |
| | | _____________________
| | | |
| | |_____________________|_____________________
| |
|_Rose SATINSKY ______|
(1896 - ....) |
| _Mendel KULVINSKI ___+
| | (1818 - 1873)
| _Peysakh KULVINSKY __|_Bessie FREEMAN _____
| | (1840 - ....)
|_Mere-Feige KULVINSKY _|
(1872 - 1930) m 1893 |
| _____________________
| |
|_Rivka UNKNOWN ______|_____________________
(1840 - 1920)
_____________________
|
_____________________|_____________________
|
_Jacob BETKER _______|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
_Abraham BETKER _____|
| (1868 - 1931) m 1891|
| | _____________________
| | |
| | _____________________|_____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
|
|--Clara BETKER
| (1900 - 1971)
| _Leizer TRUSFUS _____+
| | (1768 - 1831)
| _Moishe TRUSFUS _____|_Wife UNKNOWN _______
| | (1809 - ....)
| _Meyer TRUSFUS ______|
| | (1830 - 1925) |
| | | _____________________
| | | |
| | |_Chaya Pesa UNKNOWN _|_____________________
| | (1812 - 1896)
|_Gitte TRUSFUS ______|
(1875 - 1929) m 1891|
| _____________________
| |
| _Mordechai UNKNOWN __|_____________________
| |
|_Sarah UNKNOWN ______|
(1834 - 1909) |
| _____________________
| |
|_____________________|_____________________
Birth date: 1900Birth place: Death date: 3 Jul 1971Death place: G/Rmh Grant CampusResidence date: Residence place: Columbus, Franklin, Ohio, United States
Birth date: abt 1900Birth place: RussiaResidence date: 1910Residence place: Columbus Ward 1, Franklin, Ohio
Birth date: abt 1900Birth place: Residence date: 1930Residence place: Columbus, Franklin, Ohio
Record for Abraham Bether
Birth date: abt 1900Birth place: RussiaResidence date: 1910Residence place: Columbus Ward 1, Franklin, Ohio
Birth date: abt 1900Birth place: RussiaResidence date: 1910Residence place: Columbus Ward 1, Franklin, Ohio
Birth date: abt 1900Birth place: Residence date: 1930Residence place: Columbus, Franklin, Ohio
Birth date: 1900Birth place: Death date: 3 Jul 1971Death place: G/Rmh Grant CampusResidence date: Residence place: Columbus, Franklin, Ohio, United States
Record for Abraham Bether
Birth date: 1900Birth place: Death date: 3 Jul 1971Death place: G/Rmh Grant CampusResidence date: Residence place: Columbus, Franklin, Ohio, United States
Birth date: abt 1900Birth place: RussiaResidence date: 1910Residence place: Columbus Ward 1, Franklin, Ohio
Birth date: abt 1900Birth place: Residence date: 1930Residence place: Columbus, Franklin, Ohio
Record for Abraham Bether
Birth date: 1900Birth place: Death date: 3 Jul 1971Death place: G/Rmh Grant CampusResidence date: Residence place: Columbus, Franklin, Ohio, United States
_Leib FRIEDMAN ______+
| (1796 - ....)
_Girsh BLACHER ______|_Rise UNKNOWN _______
| (1824 - 1913)
_Nechemje BLACHER ___|
| (1864 - 1941) |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_Dvoira BLOCH _______|_____________________
| (1839 - ....)
_Noach Leib BLACHER _|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| | _____________________|_____________________
| | |
| |_Rivka UNKNOWN ______|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
|
|--Grigori BLACHER
| (1932 - ....)
| _____________________
| |
| _____________________|_____________________
| |
| _____________________|
| | |
| | | _____________________
| | | |
| | |_____________________|_____________________
| |
|_Wife UNKNOWN _______|
|
| _____________________
| |
| _____________________|_____________________
| |
|_____________________|
|
| _____________________
| |
|_____________________|_____________________
______________________
|
________________________|______________________
|
_Abraham BLUMBERG ___|
| |
| | ______________________
| | |
| |________________________|______________________
|
_Morton BLUMBERG ____|
| (1905 - 1980) |
| | ______________________
| | |
| | _Isaac Moses ROSENBERG _|______________________
| | | (1857 - ....)
| |_Fannie A ROSENBERG _|
| (1880 - 1917) |
| | _Yehuda Leib TABAKIN _+
| | |
| |_Hinda Riva TABAKIN ____|_Yetta ROSENTHAL _____
| (1859 - ....) (1830 - 1905)
|
|--Peter Michael BLUMBERG
| (1936 - ....)
| ______________________
| |
| ________________________|______________________
| |
| _____________________|
| | |
| | | ______________________
| | | |
| | |________________________|______________________
| |
|_Leona KRAMER _______|
(1907 - 1997) |
| ______________________
| |
| ________________________|______________________
| |
|_____________________|
|
| ______________________
| |
|________________________|______________________
________________________
|
_____________________|________________________
|
________________________|
| |
| | ________________________
| | |
| |_____________________|________________________
|
_Milton Stuart BOLTON _|
| (1928 - ....) m 1952 |
| | ________________________
| | |
| | _____________________|________________________
| | |
| |________________________|
| |
| | ________________________
| | |
| |_____________________|________________________
|
|
|--Milton Stuart BOLTON Jr.
| (1953 - ....)
| ________________________
| |
| _____________________|________________________
| |
| _Henry Gerald SAAL _____|
| | (1896 - 1953) m 1923 |
| | | ________________________
| | | |
| | |_____________________|________________________
| |
|_Barbara Frances SAAL _|
(1930 - 2025) m 1952 |
| ________________________
| |
| _Abraham BLUMBERG ___|________________________
| |
|_Muriel Sybyl BLUMBERG _|
(1904 - 1997) m 1923 |
| _Isaac Moses ROSENBERG _
| | (1857 - ....)
|_Fannie A ROSENBERG _|_Hinda Riva TABAKIN ____
(1880 - 1917) (1859 - ....)
__
|
__|__
|
_Unknown BOTKNECHT __|
| |
| | __
| | |
| |__|__
|
_Jonah BOTKNECHT ____|
| |
| | __
| | |
| | __|__
| | |
| |_Wife UNKNOWN _______|
| |
| | __
| | |
| |__|__
|
|
|--Hirsch BOTKNECHT
| (1887 - 1962)
| __
| |
| __|__
| |
| _____________________|
| | |
| | | __
| | | |
| | |__|__
| |
|_Wife UNKNOWN _______|
|
| __
| |
| __|__
| |
|_____________________|
|
| __
| |
|__|__
_____________________
|
_____________________|_____________________
|
_____________________|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
_Andrew BRENNER _____|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| | _____________________|_____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
|
|--Benjamin BRENNER
| (1994 - ....)
| _Charles SWIMMER ____
| | (.... - 1950)
| _Sam SWIMMER ________|_Golde EISGRAU ______
| | (1904 - 1995) m 1935 (.... - 1950)
| _Michael SWIMMER ____|
| | (1937 - ....) m 1957|
| | | _____________________
| | | |
| | |_Sally GREENBERG ____|_____________________
| | (1914 - 2012) m 1935
|_Karen SWIMMER ______|
(1965 - ....) |
| _____________________
| |
| _____________________|_____________________
| |
|_Linda LEVINE _______|
(1941 - ....) m 1957|
| _____________________
| |
|_____________________|_____________________
_____________________
|
_Max BUSHMAN ________|_____________________
| (1880 - 1967)
_Lester BUSHMAN _____|
| (1915 - 2002) m 1943|
| | _Nissen TRUSFUS _____+
| | | (1852 - 1924) m 1876
| |_Rebecca TRUSFUS ____|_Sarah Rivka MANN ___
| (1885 - 1948) (1860 - 1943)
_Steven BUSHMAN _____|
| (1946 - ....) m 1969|
| | _____________________
| | |
| | _____________________|_____________________
| | |
| |_Doris STARK ________|
| (1922 - 2007) m 1943|
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
|
|--Stewart BUSHMAN
| (1973 - ....)
| _____________________
| |
| _____________________|_____________________
| |
| _____________________|
| | |
| | | _____________________
| | | |
| | |_____________________|_____________________
| |
|_Donna STERN ________|
(1947 - ....) m 1969|
| _____________________
| |
| _____________________|_____________________
| |
|_____________________|
|
| _____________________
| |
|_____________________|_____________________
_____________________
|
_____________________________|_____________________
|
_______________________|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________________|_____________________
|
_Itzak BUZGAN _______|
| (1897 - ....) m 1935|
| | _____________________
| | |
| | _____________________________|_____________________
| | |
| |_______________________|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________________|_____________________
|
|
|--Polia BUZGAN
| (1922 - ....)
| _____________________
| |
| _Mikhel ZILBERMAN ___________|_____________________
| |
| _Girsh ZILBERMAN ______|
| | (1850 - ....) m 1895 |
| | | _____________________
| | | |
| | |_Wife UNKNOWN _______________|_____________________
| |
|_Ida ZILBERMAN ______|
(1901 - ....) m 1935|
| _Mendel KULVINSKI ___+
| | (1818 - 1873)
| _Shlioma Khatskel KULVINSKI _|_Bessie FREEMAN _____
| | (1846 - 1894)
|_Pesa-Rivka KULVINSKI _|
(1869 - ....) m 1895 |
| _____________________
| |
|_Dveire EIDELMAN ____________|_____________________
_____________________
|
_____________________|_____________________
|
___________________________|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
_Rudolph Rueben CANOWITZ _|
| (1893 - 1963) |
| | _____________________
| | |
| | _____________________|_____________________
| | |
| |___________________________|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
|
|--Aaron CANOWITZ
| (1938 - ....)
| _Moishe TRUSFUS _____+
| | (1809 - ....)
| _Meyer TRUSFUS ______|_Chaya Pesa UNKNOWN _
| | (1830 - 1925) (1812 - 1896)
| _Eliezer Chaim TRUSFUS ____|
| | (1859 - 1928) m 1905 |
| | | _Mordechai UNKNOWN __
| | | |
| | |_Sarah UNKNOWN ______|_____________________
| | (1834 - 1909)
|_Reva TROPE ______________|
(1906 - 1987) |
| _____________________
| |
| _____________________|_____________________
| |
|_Esther Dobba MATSCHUNKSY _|
(1879 - 1961) m 1905 |
| _____________________
| |
|_____________________|_____________________
Birth date: 29 Jan 1938Birth place: Residence date: 1966Residence place: Cleveland, OH
Birth date: abt 1936Birth place: Residence date: 1956Residence place: Columbus, Ohio
Birth date: abt 1936Birth place: Residence date: 1956Residence place: Columbus, Ohio
Birth date: 29 Jan 1938Birth place: Residence date: 1966Residence place: Cleveland, OH
Birth date: 29 Jan 1938Birth place: Residence date: 1966Residence place: Cleveland, OH
Birth date: abt 1936Birth place: Residence date: 1956Residence place: Columbus, Ohio
__
|
__|__
|
_Anthony CARUS ______|
| (1913 - 2005) m 1939|
| | __
| | |
| |__|__
|
_Roderick CARUS _____|
| (1944 - ....) |
| | __
| | |
| | __|__
| | |
| |_Kathleen HASLAM ____|
| (1920 - 2002) m 1939|
| | __
| | |
| |__|__
|
|
|--Kristina CARUS
| (1980 - ....)
| __
| |
| __|__
| |
| _____________________|
| | |
| | | __
| | | |
| | |__|__
| |
|_Hilary Mary JONES __|
(1947 - ....) |
| __
| |
| __|__
| |
|_____________________|
|
| __
| |
|__|__
_Anthony CARUS ______
| (1913 - 2005) m 1939
_Timothy CARUS ______|_Kathleen HASLAM ____
| (1946 - ....) m 1964 (1920 - 2002)
_Mark Anthony Bartholomew CARUS _|
| (1965 - ....) m 1997 |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_Linda CHRISTINE ____|_____________________
| (1945 - ....) m 1964
_Timothy James CARUS _|
| (1989 - ....) m 2012 |
| | _____________________
| | |
| | _____________________|_____________________
| | |
| |_Moya Anne SWORM ________________|
| (1967 - ....) m 1997 |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
|
|--Oscar CARUS
| (2011 - ....)
| _____________________
| |
| _____________________|_____________________
| |
| _________________________________|
| | |
| | | _____________________
| | | |
| | |_____________________|_____________________
| |
|_Kerry HALL __________|
m 2012 |
| _____________________
| |
| _____________________|_____________________
| |
|_________________________________|
|
| _____________________
| |
|_____________________|_____________________
_____________________
|
_Elia CHATZKELOWITZ _|_____________________
| (1865 - 1938)
_Moishe Leib CHATZKELOWITZ _|
| (1891 - 1981) m 1918 |
| | _Yakov TRUSFUS ______+
| | | (1844 - 1923)
| |_Eta Leah TRUSFUS ___|_Taube Rochl BREST __
| (1869 - 1939) (1842 - 1933)
_Elia CHATZKELOWITZ _|
| (1938 - ....) |
| | _____________________
| | |
| | _____________________|_____________________
| | |
| |_Lily SHOOT ________________|
| (1902 - 1976) m 1918 |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
|
|--Daughter3 CHATZKELOWITZ
|
| _____________________
| |
| _____________________|_____________________
| |
| ____________________________|
| | |
| | | _____________________
| | | |
| | |_____________________|_____________________
| |
|_Sue UNKNOWN ________|
|
| _____________________
| |
| _____________________|_____________________
| |
|____________________________|
|
| _____________________
| |
|_____________________|_____________________
_____________________
|
_Leo COHEN __________|_____________________
| (1892 - 1979)
_Albert COHEN __________|
| (1924 - 2006) |
| | _Abraham BETKER _____+
| | | (1868 - 1931) m 1891
| |_Clara BETKER _______|_Gitte TRUSFUS ______
| (1900 - 1971) (1875 - 1929)
_Jay COHEN __________|
| (1957 - ....) |
| | _____________________
| | |
| | _____________________|_____________________
| | |
| |_Shirley SCHOTTENSTEIN _|
| (1926 - ....) |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
|
|--Libbie COHEN
| (1989 - ....)
| _____________________
| |
| _____________________|_____________________
| |
| ________________________|
| | |
| | | _____________________
| | | |
| | |_____________________|_____________________
| |
|_Ellen SIMON ________|
(1958 - ....) |
| _____________________
| |
| _____________________|_____________________
| |
|________________________|
|
| _____________________
| |
|_____________________|_____________________
__
|
__|__
|
_____________________|
| |
| | __
| | |
| |__|__
|
_George Simon James COPLEY _|
| (1964 - ....) m 1999 |
| | __
| | |
| | __|__
| | |
| |_____________________|
| |
| | __
| | |
| |__|__
|
|
|--Matilda Rose COPLEY
| (2005 - ....)
| __
| |
| __|__
| |
| _Anthony CARUS ______|
| | (1913 - 2005) m 1969|
| | | __
| | | |
| | |__|__
| |
|_Gillian May CARUS _________|
(1965 - ....) m 1999 |
| __
| |
| __|__
| |
|_Joan KEEN __________|
(1944 - ....) m 1969|
| __
| |
|__|__
_Girsh KULVINSKI ____
|
_Mendel KULVINSKI ___|_Wife UNKNOWN _______
| (1818 - 1873)
_Peysakh KULVINSKY __|
| (1840 - ....) |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_Bessie FREEMAN _____|_____________________
|
_Movsha KULVINSKY ___|
| (1879 - 1919) |
| | _____________________
| | |
| | _____________________|_____________________
| | |
| |_Rivka UNKNOWN ______|
| (1840 - 1920) |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
|
|--Sophie COVINSKY
|
| _____________________
| |
| _____________________|_____________________
| |
| _____________________|
| | |
| | | _____________________
| | | |
| | |_____________________|_____________________
| |
|_Molly FRIEDBERG ____|
|
| _____________________
| |
| _____________________|_____________________
| |
|_____________________|
|
| _____________________
| |
|_____________________|_____________________
_________________________
|
_____________________|_________________________
|
_____________________|
| |
| | _________________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_________________________
|
_Pinchas EDEN _________|
| |
| | _________________________
| | |
| | _____________________|_________________________
| | |
| |_____________________|
| |
| | _________________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_________________________
|
|
|--Danielle EDEN
| (1983 - ....)
| _Girsh BLACHER __________+
| | (1824 - 1913)
| _Avraham BLACHER ____|_Dvoira BLOCH ___________
| | (1869 - 1941) (1839 - ....)
| _Moishe BLACHER _____|
| | (1909 - 1994) m 1940|
| | | _Moishe TATZ ____________+
| | | | (1838 - 1890) m 1864
| | |_Chasia TATZ ________|_Freide-Rochl KULVINSKI _
| | (.... - 1941) (1839 - 1935)
|_Jillian Dawn BLACHER _|
(1960 - 1990) |
| _________________________
| |
| _____________________|_________________________
| |
|_Ruth KAPLAN ________|
(1922 - 2000) m 1940|
| _________________________
| |
|_____________________|_________________________
_____________________
|
_____________________|_____________________
|
_____________________|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
_James FENTON ___________|
| m 1957 |
| | _____________________
| | |
| | _____________________|_____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
|
|--Jeffrey FENTON
| (1959 - ....)
| _____________________
| |
| _____________________|_____________________
| |
| _Sam GOLDBLATT ______|
| | |
| | | _____________________
| | | |
| | |_____________________|_____________________
| |
|_Freda Sylvia GOLDBLATT _|
(1930 - ....) m 1957 |
| _Girsh BLACHER ______+
| | (1824 - 1913)
| _Chaim-Ber BLACHER __|_Dvoira BLOCH _______
| | (1852 - 1941) m 1887 (1839 - ....)
|_Emma BLACHER _______|
(1899 - 1947) |
| _____________________
| |
|_Perl PERTCHIK ______|_____________________
m 1887
_____________________
|
_____________________|_____________________
|
_____________________|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
_James FREIDENBERG __|
| (1920 - 1967) |
| | _____________________
| | |
| | _____________________|_____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
|
|--Terry FREIDENBERG
| (1954 - ....)
| _____________________
| |
| _____________________|_____________________
| |
| _Leo COHEN __________|
| | (1892 - 1979) |
| | | _____________________
| | | |
| | |_____________________|_____________________
| |
|_Ruth COHEN _________|
(1923 - 2010) |
| _Jacob BETKER _______
| |
| _Abraham BETKER _____|_____________________
| | (1868 - 1931) m 1891
|_Clara BETKER _______|
(1900 - 1971) |
| _Meyer TRUSFUS ______+
| | (1830 - 1925)
|_Gitte TRUSFUS ______|_Sarah UNKNOWN ______
(1875 - 1929) m 1891 (1834 - 1909)
__
|
__|__
|
_____________________|
| |
| | __
| | |
| |__|__
|
_Sliomas FRIEDMAN _____|
| |
| | __
| | |
| | __|__
| | |
| |_____________________|
| |
| | __
| | |
| |__|__
|
|
|--Milia FRIEDMAN
|
| __
| |
| __|__
| |
| _Yisroel VINNIK _____|
| | (1845 - ....) |
| | | __
| | | |
| | |__|__
| |
|_Sheine Dveira VINNIK _|
|
| __
| |
| __|__
| |
|_Chiena UNKNOWN _____|
|
| __
| |
|__|__
_____________________
|
________________________|_____________________
|
_____________________|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |________________________|_____________________
|
_Barry FRIEDMAN _____|
| (1951 - ....) m 1972|
| | _____________________
| | |
| | ________________________|_____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |________________________|_____________________
|
|
|--Vicky FRIEDMAN
| (1976 - ....)
| _Nissen TRUSFUS _____+
| | (1852 - 1924) m 1876
| _Moishe TRUSFUS ________|_Sarah Rivka MANN ___
| | (1880 - 1960) (1860 - 1943)
| _Elijah TROPE _______|
| | (1917 - 1996) m 1947|
| | | _____________________
| | | |
| | |_Rachel Rebecca LURNER _|_____________________
| | (1894 - 1961)
|_Adrienne TROPE _____|
(1951 - ....) m 1972|
| _____________________
| |
| ________________________|_____________________
| |
|_Joyce GOLDSTEIN ____|
(1924 - ....) m 1947|
| _____________________
| |
|________________________|_____________________
_Preydel FRIEDMAN ___+
| (1834 - ....)
_Chaim Girsh FRIEDMAN ___|_Masha UNKNOWN ______
| (1872 - 1941) m 1902 (1840 - ....)
_Benjamin FRIEDMAN __|
| (1907 - 1979) m 1936|
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_Chaya Sarah DRUZHINSKY _|_____________________
| (1877 - 1941) m 1902
_Prady Maurice FRIEDMAN _|
| (1942 - ....) |
| | _____________________
| | |
| | _________________________|_____________________
| | |
| |_Rosa MILNER ________|
| (1909 - 2000) m 1936|
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_________________________|_____________________
|
|
|--Warren David FRIEDMAN
| (1965 - ....)
| _____________________
| |
| _________________________|_____________________
| |
| _____________________|
| | |
| | | _____________________
| | | |
| | |_________________________|_____________________
| |
|_Linda TASSEL ___________|
(1949 - ....) |
| _____________________
| |
| _________________________|_____________________
| |
|_____________________|
|
| _____________________
| |
|_________________________|_____________________
_Unknown FRIEDMAN ___
|
_Orel FRIEDMAN ______|_Wife UNKNOWN _______
|
_Orel FRIEDMAN ______|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_Freyde UNKNOWN _____|_____________________
| (1788 - ....)
_Matis FRIEDMAN ______|
| (1832 - ....) |
| | _____________________
| | |
| | _____________________|_____________________
| | |
| |_Wife UNKNOWN _______|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
|
|--Wulf FRIEDMAN
| (1874 - ....)
| _____________________
| |
| _____________________|_____________________
| |
| _____________________|
| | |
| | | _____________________
| | | |
| | |_____________________|_____________________
| |
|_Roche Beyle UNKNOWN _|
(1839 - ....) |
| _____________________
| |
| _____________________|_____________________
| |
|_____________________|
|
| _____________________
| |
|_____________________|_____________________
_____________________
|
_____________________|_____________________
|
_____________________|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
_Cassel GITTELSON ___|
| (1933 - ....) |
| | _____________________
| | |
| | _____________________|_____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
|
|--Ryan GITTELSON
| (1970 - ....)
| _____________________
| |
| _Charles SIEFF ______|_____________________
| | (1888 - 1929)
| _Jacob SIEFF ________|
| | (1912 - 1983) |
| | | _Girsh BLACHER ______+
| | | | (1824 - 1913)
| | |_Taube BLACHER ______|_Fruma UNKNOWN ______
| | (1891 - 1967)
|_Doreen SIEFF _______|
(1938 - ....) |
| _____________________
| |
| _____________________|_____________________
| |
|_Sarah UNKNOWN ______|
(1912 - 1977) |
| _____________________
| |
|_____________________|_____________________
_____________________
|
_____________________|_____________________
|
_Aleck GOLDBERG _____|
| (1923 - ....) |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
_Daniel Mendy GOLDBERG _|
| (1961 - ....) |
| | _____________________
| | |
| | _Hirshel KATZ _______|_____________________
| | | (1896 - 1962)
| |_Musa KATZ __________|
| (1932 - ....) |
| | _Nissen TRUSFUS _____+
| | | (1852 - 1924) m 1876
| |_Tzipa TRUSFUS ______|_Sarah Rivka MANN ___
| (1905 - 1991) (1860 - 1943)
|
|--Na'ama GOLDBERG
| (1992 - ....)
| _____________________
| |
| _____________________|_____________________
| |
| _____________________|
| | |
| | | _____________________
| | | |
| | |_____________________|_____________________
| |
|_Hedva SULTAN __________|
(1961 - ....) |
| _____________________
| |
| _____________________|_____________________
| |
|_____________________|
|
| _____________________
| |
|_____________________|_____________________
_____________________
|
_____________________|_____________________
|
______________________|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
_Walter GOLDBLATT ___|
| (1944 - ....) |
| | _____________________
| | |
| | _____________________|_____________________
| | |
| |______________________|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
|
|--Wayne GOLDBLATT
| (1966 - ....)
| _Yitzchak TRUSFUS ___+
| | (1863 - 1941)
| _Harry TROPE ________|_Basha TABAKIN ______
| | (1892 - 1986) m 1912 (1869 - 1944)
| _Sidney Samuel TROPE _|
| | (1914 - 1982) m 1941 |
| | | _____________________
| | | |
| | |_Sylvia LIPMAN ______|_____________________
| | (1893 - 1942) m 1912
|_Sharon TROPE _______|
(1946 - ....) |
| _____________________
| |
| _____________________|_____________________
| |
|_Jeanette GOLDBLATT __|
(1920 - 2005) m 1941 |
| _____________________
| |
|_____________________|_____________________
_____________________
|
________________________|_____________________
|
________________________|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |________________________|_____________________
|
_Jack GOLDIN ________|
| (.... - 2000) |
| | _____________________
| | |
| | ________________________|_____________________
| | |
| |________________________|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |________________________|_____________________
|
|
|--Annette GOLDIN
|
| _Moishe TRUSFUS _____+
| | (1809 - ....)
| _Avraham Shaul TRUSFUS _|_Chaya Pesa UNKNOWN _
| | (1833 - 1925) (1812 - 1896)
| _Feiva Michael TRUSFUS _|
| | (1875 - 1964) |
| | | _____________________
| | | |
| | |_Chana Schul UNKNOWN ___|_____________________
| |
|_Ethel TANNENBERG ___|
|
| _____________________
| |
| ________________________|_____________________
| |
|_Hannah KATZEFF ________|
|
| _____________________
| |
|________________________|_____________________
_____________________
|
_____________________|_____________________
|
_Allan GOLDSTEIN ____|
| (1937 - 2016) m 1963|
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
_Shmuel Yitzhak GOLDSTEIN _|
| (1964 - ....) |
| | _Yehoshua KLAVAN ____+
| | | (1884 - 1953) m 1910
| | _Harry KLAVAN _______|_Feiga Dvora SHEFER _
| | | (1913 - 1991) m 1940 (1884 - 1961)
| |_Shulamit KLAVAN ____|
| (1942 - ....) m 1963|
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_Rena SPERLING ______|_____________________
| (1916 - 2006) m 1940
|
|--Shoshana Chaviva GOLDSTEIN
| (1995 - ....)
| _____________________
| |
| _____________________|_____________________
| |
| _____________________|
| | |
| | | _____________________
| | | |
| | |_____________________|_____________________
| |
|_Dvora Chana WEGLEIN ______|
(1963 - ....) |
| _____________________
| |
| _____________________|_____________________
| |
|_____________________|
|
| _____________________
| |
|_____________________|_____________________
_____________________
|
_____________________|_____________________
|
________________________|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
_Darren GOODMAN _____|
| (1975 - ....) |
| | _____________________
| | |
| | _____________________|_____________________
| | |
| |________________________|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
|
|--Oliver GOODMAN
| (2007 - ....)
| _____________________
| |
| _____________________|_____________________
| |
| _Howard SCOTT __________|
| | (1951 - 2009) |
| | | _____________________
| | | |
| | |_____________________|_____________________
| |
|_Bronwyn SCOTT ______|
(1975 - ....) |
| _____________________
| |
| _Royce SCHULMAN _____|_____________________
| | (1920 - 1985)
|_Ella-Barbara SCHULMAN _|
(1950 - ....) |
| _Harry TROPE ________+
| | (1892 - 1986) m 1912
|_Alice TROPE ________|_Sylvia LIPMAN ______
(1925 - 1996) (1893 - 1942)
_____________________
|
_____________________|_____________________
|
_____________________|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
_Myron Nathan HAIMS _|
| (1899 - 1926) m 1918|
| | _____________________
| | |
| | _____________________|_____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
|
|--Mildred Elaine HAIMS
| (1920 - 2004)
| _Moishe TRUSFUS _____+
| | (1809 - ....)
| _Meyer TRUSFUS ______|_Chaya Pesa UNKNOWN _
| | (1830 - 1925) (1812 - 1896)
| _Mendel TRUSFUS _____|
| | (1865 - 1924) m 1892|
| | | _Mordechai UNKNOWN __
| | | |
| | |_Sarah UNKNOWN ______|_____________________
| | (1834 - 1909)
|_Lena Molly TROPE ___|
(1895 - 1979) m 1918|
| _____________________
| |
| _____________________|_____________________
| |
|_Clara FINKELSTEIN __|
(1873 - 1937) m 1892|
| _____________________
| |
|_____________________|_____________________
http://trees.ancestry.com/pt/AMTCitationRedir.aspx?tid=9804876&pid=130 0798354
_____________________
|
_____________________|_____________________
|
_____________________|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
_Hans HAPPE _________|
| (1944 - 1993) |
| | _____________________
| | |
| | _____________________|_____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
|
|--Dominic HAPPE
| (1980 - ....)
| _____________________
| |
| _____________________|_____________________
| |
| _Royce SCHULMAN _____|
| | (1920 - 1985) |
| | | _____________________
| | | |
| | |_____________________|_____________________
| |
|_Stephanie SCHULMAN _|
(1946 - ....) |
| _Yitzchak TRUSFUS ___+
| | (1863 - 1941)
| _Harry TROPE ________|_Basha TABAKIN ______
| | (1892 - 1986) m 1912 (1869 - 1944)
|_Alice TROPE ________|
(1925 - 1996) |
| _____________________
| |
|_Sylvia LIPMAN ______|_____________________
(1893 - 1942) m 1912
_____________________
|
_____________________|_____________________
|
_____________________|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
_David JACOBSON _____|
| (1873 - 1937) |
| | _____________________
| | |
| | _____________________|_____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
|
|--Pearl JACOBSON
| (1924 - 1991)
| _Leizer TRUSFUS _____+
| | (1768 - 1831)
| _Moishe TRUSFUS _____|_Wife UNKNOWN _______
| | (1809 - ....)
| _Nissen TRUSFUS _____|
| | (1852 - 1924) m 1876|
| | | _____________________
| | | |
| | |_Chaya Pesa UNKNOWN _|_____________________
| | (1812 - 1896)
|_Leah TRUSFUS _______|
(1888 - 1979) |
| _____________________
| |
| _Mordechai MANN _____|_____________________
| |
|_Sarah Rivka MANN ___|
(1860 - 1943) m 1876|
| _____________________
| |
|_Ella UNKNOWN _______|_____________________
_____________________
|
_____________________|_____________________
|
_Solly JANKELOWITZ __|
| (1908 - 1992) |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
_Edwin JANKELOWITZ __|
| (1943 - ....) |
| | _____________________
| | |
| | _David JACOBSON _____|_____________________
| | | (1873 - 1937) m 1902
| |_Ray JACOBSON _______|
| (1916 - 1972) |
| | _Nissen TRUSFUS _____+
| | | (1852 - 1924) m 1876
| |_Ella TRUSFUS _______|_Sarah Rivka MANN ___
| (1879 - 1917) m 1902 (1860 - 1943)
|
|--Stacey JANKELOWITZ
| (1969 - ....)
| _____________________
| |
| _____________________|_____________________
| |
| _____________________|
| | |
| | | _____________________
| | | |
| | |_____________________|_____________________
| |
|_Merlyn SLOSHBERG ___|
(1944 - ....) |
| _____________________
| |
| _____________________|_____________________
| |
|_____________________|
|
| _____________________
| |
|_____________________|_____________________
__
|
__|__
|
__|
| |
| | __
| | |
| |__|__
|
_Julius KANTER ______|
| (1862 - 1899) m 1903|
| | __
| | |
| | __|__
| | |
| |__|
| |
| | __
| | |
| |__|__
|
|
|--Effie Helene KANTER
| (1884 - 1965)
| __
| |
| __|__
| |
| __|
| | |
| | | __
| | | |
| | |__|__
| |
|_Mary ROSENBERG _____|
(1866 - 1944) m 1903|
| __
| |
| __|__
| |
|__|
|
| __
| |
|__|__
__
|
__|__
|
__|
| |
| | __
| | |
| |__|__
|
_Julius KANTER ______|
| (1862 - 1899) m 1903|
| | __
| | |
| | __|__
| | |
| |__|
| |
| | __
| | |
| |__|__
|
|
|--Bessie KANTOR
| (1887 - 1931)
| __
| |
| __|__
| |
| __|
| | |
| | | __
| | | |
| | |__|__
| |
|_Mary ROSENBERG _____|
(1866 - 1944) m 1903|
| __
| |
| __|__
| |
|__|
|
| __
| |
|__|__
_____________________
|
_____________________|_____________________
|
_________________________|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
_Israel KAPLAN ______|
| (1884 - 1941) |
| | _____________________
| | |
| | _____________________|_____________________
| | |
| |_________________________|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
|
|--Mordechai KAPLAN
| (1917 - 1993)
| _____________________
| |
| _Yosel TATZ _________|_____________________
| |
| _Moishe TATZ ____________|
| | (1838 - 1890) m 1864 |
| | | _____________________
| | | |
| | |_Wife UNKNOWN _______|_____________________
| |
|_Henna TATZ _________|
(1883 - 1941) |
| _Girsh KULVINSKI ____
| |
| _Mendel KULVINSKI ___|_Wife UNKNOWN _______
| | (1818 - 1873)
|_Freide-Rochl KULVINSKI _|
(1839 - 1935) m 1864 |
| _____________________
| |
|_Bessie FREEMAN _____|_____________________
_____________________
|
_____________________|_____________________
|
_____________________|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
_Irwine KATZ ___________|
| (.... - 1990) m 1960 |
| | _____________________
| | |
| | _____________________|_____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
|
|--Gavin Roy KATZ
| (1965 - ....)
| _____________________
| |
| _____________________|_____________________
| |
| _Abe ETKIND _________|
| | (1908 - 1988) |
| | | _____________________
| | | |
| | |_____________________|_____________________
| |
|_Cynthia Roslin ETKIND _|
(1940 - ....) m 1960 |
| _____________________
| |
| _Charles SIEFF ______|_____________________
| | (1888 - 1929)
|_Fay SIEFF __________|
(1919 - ....) |
| _Girsh BLACHER ______+
| | (1824 - 1913)
|_Taube BLACHER ______|_Fruma UNKNOWN ______
(1891 - 1967)
_____________________
|
_Hirshel KATZ _______|_____________________
| (1896 - 1962)
_Nisson KATZ ________|
| (1931 - ....) |
| | _Nissen TRUSFUS _____+
| | | (1852 - 1924) m 1876
| |_Tzipa TRUSFUS ______|_Sarah Rivka MANN ___
| (1905 - 1991) (1860 - 1943)
_Stanley KATZ _______|
| (1957 - ....) |
| | _____________________
| | |
| | _____________________|_____________________
| | |
| |_Fay GRAMS __________|
| (1932 - ....) |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
|
|--Russel KATZ
| (1992 - ....)
| _____________________
| |
| _____________________|_____________________
| |
| _____________________|
| | |
| | | _____________________
| | | |
| | |_____________________|_____________________
| |
|_Beverly LEVINE _____|
(1963 - ....) |
| _____________________
| |
| _____________________|_____________________
| |
|_____________________|
|
| _____________________
| |
|_____________________|_____________________
_____________________
|
______________________|_____________________
|
_Benjamin KLAVANSKY _|
| (1855 - 1906) |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |______________________|_____________________
|
_Yehoshua KLAVAN ____|
| (1884 - 1953) m 1910|
| | _Unknown TABAKIN ____
| | |
| | _Yehuda Leib TABAKIN _|_Wife UNKNOWN _______
| | |
| |_Roche TABAKIN ______|
| (1864 - 1926) |
| | _Moshe ROSENTHAL ____
| | |
| |_Yetta ROSENTHAL _____|_Wife UNKNOWN _______
| (1830 - 1905)
|
|--Ben KLAVAN
| (1908 - 1986)
| _____________________
| |
| ______________________|_____________________
| |
| _____________________|
| | |
| | | _____________________
| | | |
| | |______________________|_____________________
| |
|_Feiga Dvora SHEFER _|
(1884 - 1961) m 1910|
| _____________________
| |
| ______________________|_____________________
| |
|_____________________|
|
| _____________________
| |
|______________________|_____________________
_Morris Solomon KLAVAN _+
| (1912 - 2001) m 1940
_Irving Lee KLAVAN __|_Rose SCHUCHMAN ________
| (1942 - ....) (1911 - 2002)
_Yehoshua KLAVAN ________|
| (1976 - ....) m 1998 |
| | ________________________
| | |
| |_Miriam LUNDNER _____|________________________
| (1943 - ....)
_Yisrael KLAVAN _____|
| m 2021 |
| | ________________________
| | |
| | _____________________|________________________
| | |
| |_Esther Shoshana YABLOK _|
| m 1998 |
| | ________________________
| | |
| |_____________________|________________________
|
|
|--Daughter KLAVAN
| (2023 - ....)
| ________________________
| |
| _____________________|________________________
| |
| _________________________|
| | |
| | | ________________________
| | | |
| | |_____________________|________________________
| |
|_Leah WEISS _________|
m 2021 |
| ________________________
| |
| _____________________|________________________
| |
|_________________________|
|
| ________________________
| |
|_____________________|________________________
______________________
|
_Benjamin KLAVANSKY _|______________________
| (1855 - 1906)
_Yakov KLAVAN _______|
| (1897 - 1962) m 1923|
| | _Yehuda Leib TABAKIN _+
| | |
| |_Roche TABAKIN ______|_Yetta ROSENTHAL _____
| (1864 - 1926) (1830 - 1905)
_Stanley KLAVAN _____|
| (1925 - 2013) m 1948|
| | ______________________
| | |
| | _____________________|______________________
| | |
| |_Esther BOTWIN ______|
| (1902 - 1935) m 1923|
| | ______________________
| | |
| |_____________________|______________________
|
|
|--Ross KLAVAN
| (1955 - ....)
| ______________________
| |
| _____________________|______________________
| |
| _____________________|
| | |
| | | ______________________
| | | |
| | |_____________________|______________________
| |
|_Ethel ROSENBLOOM ___|
(1927 - 2013) m 1948|
| ______________________
| |
| _____________________|______________________
| |
|_____________________|
|
| ______________________
| |
|_____________________|______________________
_____________________
|
_______________________|_____________________
|
_____________________|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_______________________|_____________________
|
_David LöWY __________|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| | _______________________|_____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_______________________|_____________________
|
|
|--Erwin LöWY
| (1889 - 1944)
| _Abraham WINTERNITZ _+
| | (1760 - 1824)
| _Simon WINTERNITZ _____|_Anna MORAWETZ ______
| | (1791 - ....)
| _Jakob WINTERNITZ ___|
| | (1822 - 1892) |
| | | _Jakob POSAMENTIR ___
| | | |
| | |_Franziska POSAMENTIR _|_Rosalia UNKNOWN ____
| | (1793 - ....)
|_Franciska WINTERNITZ _|
(1858 - 1942) |
| _____________________
| |
| _Samuel FEIGL _________|_____________________
| |
|_Katharina FEIGL ____|
(1832 - 1921) |
| _Jakob STRAUS _______
| |
|_Sara Saly STRAUS _____|_Theresia BARON _____
_____________________
|
_______________________|_____________________
|
_Leibe LIBMAN _________|
| (1907 - 1963) |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_______________________|_____________________
|
_Moshe LIBMAN _______|
| (1952 - ....) |
| | _Chaim-Ber BLACHER __+
| | | (1852 - 1941) m 1887
| | _Moshe Itzhak BLACHER _|_Perl PERTCHIK ______
| | | (1888 - 1941)
| |_Sheine Reisl BLACHER _|
| (1920 - 1986) |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_Gittel GUTMANOVICH ___|_____________________
| (.... - 1941)
|
|--Hen LIBMAN
| (1979 - ....)
| _____________________
| |
| _______________________|_____________________
| |
| _______________________|
| | |
| | | _____________________
| | | |
| | |_______________________|_____________________
| |
|_Sara KOEN __________|
(1951 - ....) |
| _____________________
| |
| _______________________|_____________________
| |
|_______________________|
|
| _____________________
| |
|_______________________|_____________________
_____________________
|
_____________________|_____________________
|
_Morris LIPSCHITZ ___|
| (1898 - 1985) m 1934|
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
_Charles LIPSCHITZ __|
| (1937 - ....) |
| | _____________________
| | |
| | _Charles SIEFF ______|_____________________
| | | (1888 - 1929)
| |_Anne SIEFF _________|
| (1913 - ....) m 1934|
| | _Girsh BLACHER ______+
| | | (1824 - 1913)
| |_Taube BLACHER ______|_Fruma UNKNOWN ______
| (1891 - 1967)
|
|--Maurissa LIPSCHITZ
| (1988 - ....)
| _____________________
| |
| _____________________|_____________________
| |
| _____________________|
| | |
| | | _____________________
| | | |
| | |_____________________|_____________________
| |
|_Cheryl DAVIS _______|
|
| _____________________
| |
| _____________________|_____________________
| |
|_____________________|
|
| _____________________
| |
|_____________________|_____________________
_____________________
|
_____________________|_____________________
|
_Abraham MEZANSKY ___|
| (1890 - ....) m 1917|
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
_Eugene MEZANSKY ____|
| (1920 - ....) |
| | _Girsh BLACHER ______+
| | | (1824 - 1913)
| | _Chaim-Ber BLACHER __|_Dvoira BLOCH _______
| | | (1852 - 1941) m 1887 (1839 - ....)
| |_Dvora BLACHER ______|
| (1895 - ....) m 1917|
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_Perl PERTCHIK ______|_____________________
| m 1887
|
|--Carl MEZANSKY
|
| _____________________
| |
| _____________________|_____________________
| |
| _____________________|
| | |
| | | _____________________
| | | |
| | |_____________________|_____________________
| |
|_Marcia POMUS _______|
|
| _____________________
| |
| _____________________|_____________________
| |
|_____________________|
|
| _____________________
| |
|_____________________|_____________________
_____________________
|
____________________________|_____________________
|
______________________________|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |____________________________|_____________________
|
_Seymour NAKEN ______|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| | ____________________________|_____________________
| | |
| |______________________________|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |____________________________|_____________________
|
|
|--Elan NAKEN
|
| _____________________
| |
| ____________________________|_____________________
| |
| _Hymie BRAUDE ________________|
| | |
| | | _____________________
| | | |
| | |____________________________|_____________________
| |
|_Elain BRAUDE _______|
|
| _Elia CHATZKELOWITZ _
| | (1865 - 1938)
| _Moishe Leib CHATZKELOWITZ _|_Eta Leah TRUSFUS ___
| | (1891 - 1981) m 1918 (1869 - 1939)
|_Thelma Stella CHATZKELOWITZ _|
(1929 - ....) |
| _____________________
| |
|_Lily SHOOT ________________|_____________________
(1902 - 1976) m 1918
_____________________
|
_____________________|_____________________
|
_____________________|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
_Iddo PINKAS ________|
| (1965 - ....) |
| | _____________________
| | |
| | _____________________|_____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
|
|--Noa PINKAS
| (1998 - ....)
| _____________________
| |
| _____________________|_____________________
| |
| _Basil Herbert HYDE _|
| | (1939 - 2004) m 1961|
| | | _____________________
| | | |
| | |_____________________|_____________________
| |
|_Private ____________|
|
| _____________________
| |
| _Yitzhak AIRES ______|_____________________
| | (1910 - 1982) m 1941
|_Marlene AIRES ______|
(1942 - ....) m 1961|
| _Leib SHAPIRO _______
| | (.... - 1926) m 1920
|_Sylvia SHAPIRO _____|_Liba CHATZKELOWITZ _
(1922 - ....) m 1941 (1890 - 1971)
_____________________
|
_____________________|_____________________
|
_____________________|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
_Bruce E PROMISEL ___|
| (1954 - ....) m 1985|
| | _____________________
| | |
| | _____________________|_____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
|
|--Cameron J PROMISEL
| (1992 - ....)
| _Chaim-Ber BLACHER __+
| | (1852 - 1941) m 1887
| _Joshua BLACHER _____|_Perl PERTCHIK ______
| | (1900 - 1971) m 1925
| _Arthur BLOCK _______|
| | (1930 - ....) |
| | | _____________________
| | | |
| | |_Rose ROSNOV ________|_____________________
| | (1907 - 1996) m 1925
|_Joni L BLOCK _______|
(1957 - ....) m 1985|
| _____________________
| |
| _____________________|_____________________
| |
|_Sandra E FREEMAN ___|
(1933 - ....) |
| _____________________
| |
|_____________________|_____________________
__
|
_____________________|__
|
__________________________|
| |
| | __
| | |
| |_____________________|__
|
_Martyn RATTLE ___________|
| (1962 - ....) |
| | __
| | |
| | _____________________|__
| | |
| |__________________________|
| |
| | __
| | |
| |_____________________|__
|
|
|--Manon Elizabeth RATTLE
| (1994 - ....)
| __
| |
| _Anthony CARUS ______|__
| | (1913 - 2005) m 1939
| _Christopher CARUS _______|
| | (1940 - 1978) |
| | | __
| | | |
| | |_Kathleen HASLAM ____|__
| | (1920 - 2002) m 1939
|_Elizabeth Colette CARUS _|
(1963 - ....) |
| __
| |
| _____________________|__
| |
|_Elizabeth Valerie FOLEY _|
(1939 - ....) |
| __
| |
|_____________________|__
_____________________
|
_____________________|_____________________
|
________________________|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
_Dovid Don REISS ____|
| (1938 - 2020) |
| | _____________________
| | |
| | _____________________|_____________________
| | |
| |________________________|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
|
|--Yehoshua REISS
| (1981 - ....)
| _Benjamin KLAVANSKY _
| | (1855 - 1906)
| _Yehoshua KLAVAN ____|_Roche TABAKIN ______
| | (1884 - 1953) m 1910 (1864 - 1926)
| _Morris Solomon KLAVAN _|
| | (1912 - 2001) m 1940 |
| | | _____________________
| | | |
| | |_Feiga Dvora SHEFER _|_____________________
| | (1884 - 1961) m 1910
|_Eilene Ruth KLAVAN _|
(1946 - ....) |
| _____________________
| |
| _____________________|_____________________
| |
|_Rose SCHUCHMAN ________|
(1911 - 2002) m 1940 |
| _____________________
| |
|_____________________|_____________________
__
|
__|__
|
_Arthur Forbes ROBINSON _|
| m 1944 |
| | __
| | |
| |__|__
|
_Peter ROBINSON _____|
| (1946 - ....) |
| | __
| | |
| | __|__
| | |
| |_Joan BURNS _____________|
| (1924 - 2005) m 1944 |
| | __
| | |
| |__|__
|
|
|--Daughter ROBINSON
|
| __
| |
| __|__
| |
| _________________________|
| | |
| | | __
| | | |
| | |__|__
| |
|_Penny UNKNOWN ______|
|
| __
| |
| __|__
| |
|_________________________|
|
| __
| |
|__|__
_____________________
|
_____________________|_____________________
|
_____________________|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
_Robert WEINBERG ____|
| (1959 - ....) m 1989|
| | _____________________
| | |
| | _____________________|_____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
|
|--Emily ROSE
| (1995 - ....)
| _____________________
| |
| _____________________|_____________________
| |
| _Ronald Alden ROSE __|
| | (1933 - 1989) m 1954|
| | | _____________________
| | | |
| | |_____________________|_____________________
| |
|_Renata ROSE ________|
(1959 - ....) m 1989|
| _____________________
| |
| _Irving GEHER _______|_____________________
| | (1898 - 1987)
|_Marian GEHER _______|
(1936 - ....) m 1954|
| _Benjamin KLAVANSKY _
| | (1855 - 1906)
|_Ethel KLAVAN _______|_Roche TABAKIN ______
(1896 - 1969) (1864 - 1926)
_____________________
|
_____________________|_____________________
|
_Anthony SACK __________|
| (1952 - ....) m 1975 |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
_Richard Gary SACK __|
| (1977 - ....) |
| | _Harry TROPE ________+
| | | (1892 - 1986) m 1912
| | _Robert Allan TROPE _|_Sylvia LIPMAN ______
| | | (1917 - 2005) m 1944 (1893 - 1942)
| |_Pamela Adrienne TROPE _|
| (1954 - ....) m 1975 |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_Adele CASSEL _______|_____________________
| (1925 - ....) m 1944
|
|--Eliora SACK
| (2011 - ....)
| _____________________
| |
| _____________________|_____________________
| |
| ________________________|
| | |
| | | _____________________
| | | |
| | |_____________________|_____________________
| |
|_Tammy SHEIN ________|
|
| _____________________
| |
| _____________________|_____________________
| |
|________________________|
|
| _____________________
| |
|_____________________|_____________________
_____________________
|
_____________________|_____________________
|
_____________________|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
_Mayer SATINSKY _______|
| (1865 - 1936) m 1893 |
| | _____________________
| | |
| | _____________________|_____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
|
|--Edna SATINSKY
| (1906 - 1950)
| _Girsh KULVINSKI ____
| |
| _Mendel KULVINSKI ___|_Wife UNKNOWN _______
| | (1818 - 1873)
| _Peysakh KULVINSKY __|
| | (1840 - ....) |
| | | _____________________
| | | |
| | |_Bessie FREEMAN _____|_____________________
| |
|_Mere-Feige KULVINSKY _|
(1872 - 1930) m 1893 |
| _____________________
| |
| _____________________|_____________________
| |
|_Rivka UNKNOWN ______|
(1840 - 1920) |
| _____________________
| |
|_____________________|_____________________
__
|
__|__
|
__|
| |
| | __
| | |
| |__|__
|
_Meir SCHEDRIN ________|
| |
| | __
| | |
| | __|__
| | |
| |__|
| |
| | __
| | |
| |__|__
|
|
|--Pesha SCHEDRIN
|
| __
| |
| __|__
| |
| __|
| | |
| | | __
| | | |
| | |__|__
| |
|_Tamara-Basha UNKNOWN _|
|
| __
| |
| __|__
| |
|__|
|
| __
| |
|__|__
_____________________
|
_____________________|_____________________
|
_____________________|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
_Samule SCHULLER ______|
| (1851 - 1905) |
| | _____________________
| | |
| | _____________________|_____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
|
|--Olga SCHULLER
| (1886 - ....)
| _____________________
| |
| _____________________|_____________________
| |
| _Markus KOPPERL _____|
| | (1825 - 1876) |
| | | _____________________
| | | |
| | |_____________________|_____________________
| |
|_Nany Johanna KOPPERL _|
(1859 - ....) |
| _Abraham WINTERNITZ _+
| | (1760 - 1824)
| _Josef WINTERNITZ ___|_Rebeka UNKNOWN _____
| | (1796 - ....)
|_Rosalia WINTERNITZ _|
(1827 - 1891) |
| _____________________
| |
|_Klara SONNENSCHEIN _|_____________________
_____________________
|
_____________________|_____________________
|
_____________________|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
_Josef SINGER _______|
| (1923 - 2009) |
| | _____________________
| | |
| | _____________________|_____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
|
|--Gideon SINGER
| (1957 - ....)
| _____________________
| |
| _____________________|_____________________
| |
| _Joene PRAEGER ______|
| | (.... - 1978) |
| | | _____________________
| | | |
| | |_____________________|_____________________
| |
|_Shoshana PRAGER ____|
(1929 - ....) |
| _Jakob WINTERNITZ ___+
| | (1822 - 1892)
| _Samuel WINTERNITZ __|_Katharina FEIGL ____
| | (1866 - ....) (1832 - 1921)
|_Lucy WINTERNITZ ____|
(1908 - 1989) |
| _____________________
| |
|_Gisela GUTMANN _____|_____________________
_____________________
|
______________________|_____________________
|
_Isaac Moses ROSENBERG _|
| (1857 - ....) |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |______________________|_____________________
|
_Joseph Laball ROSENBERG _|
| (1882 - 1951) m 1902 |
| | _Unknown TABAKIN ____
| | |
| | _Yehuda Leib TABAKIN _|_Wife UNKNOWN _______
| | |
| |_Hinda Riva TABAKIN ____|
| (1859 - ....) |
| | _Moshe ROSENTHAL ____
| | |
| |_Yetta ROSENTHAL _____|_Wife UNKNOWN _______
| (1830 - 1905)
|
|--Yudell Kanter SLOCUM
| (1904 - 1972)
| _____________________
| |
| ______________________|_____________________
| |
| _Julius KANTER _________|
| | (1862 - 1899) m 1903 |
| | | _____________________
| | | |
| | |______________________|_____________________
| |
|_Effie Helene KANTER _____|
(1884 - 1965) m 1902 |
| _____________________
| |
| ______________________|_____________________
| |
|_Mary ROSENBERG ________|
(1866 - 1944) m 1903 |
| _____________________
| |
|______________________|_____________________
__
|
__|__
|
_____________________|
| |
| | __
| | |
| |__|__
|
_Rezso SOLYOM _______|
| |
| | __
| | |
| | __|__
| | |
| |_____________________|
| |
| | __
| | |
| |__|__
|
|
|--Erzsebet SOLYOM
| (1924 - ....)
| __
| |
| __|__
| |
| _Bernat HAAR ________|
| | (1866 - 1960) |
| | | __
| | | |
| | |__|__
| |
|_Frida HAAR _________|
(1891 - 1969) |
| __
| |
| __|__
| |
|_Rachel APFEL _______|
(1870 - 1962) |
| __
| |
|__|__
_Hirsh TABAKIN ______+
|
_Yitzhak Leib TABAKIN _|_Fruma UNKNOWN ______
| (1871 - 1941) m 1893
_Michel TABAKIN _____|
| (1899 - 1995) |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_Sorre Henya MARGOLIS _|_____________________
| (1872 - 1949) m 1893
_Ben TABAKIN ________|
| (1930 - ....) m 1953|
| | _____________________
| | |
| | _______________________|_____________________
| | |
| |_Jeanne LIEBOWITZ ___|
| (1909 - 1990) |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_______________________|_____________________
|
|
|--Bonnie TABAKIN
| (1954 - ....)
| _____________________
| |
| _______________________|_____________________
| |
| _____________________|
| | |
| | | _____________________
| | | |
| | |_______________________|_____________________
| |
|_Sondra ALEXANDER ___|
m 1953 |
| _____________________
| |
| _______________________|_____________________
| |
|_____________________|
|
| _____________________
| |
|_______________________|_____________________
_Hirsh TABAKIN ______+
|
_Yitzhak Leib TABAKIN _|_Fruma UNKNOWN ______
| (1871 - 1941) m 1893
_Markus TABAKIN _____|
| (1904 - 1988) m 1928|
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_Sorre Henya MARGOLIS _|_____________________
| (1872 - 1949) m 1893
_Sanford TABAKIN ____|
| (1931 - 1996) |
| | _____________________
| | |
| | _______________________|_____________________
| | |
| |_Mildred LAUB _______|
| (1905 - 1975) m 1928|
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_______________________|_____________________
|
|
|--Jody TABAKIN
| (1959 - 2003)
| _____________________
| |
| _______________________|_____________________
| |
| _____________________|
| | |
| | | _____________________
| | | |
| | |_______________________|_____________________
| |
|_Sondra A GELLER ____|
(1937 - ....) |
| _____________________
| |
| _______________________|_____________________
| |
|_____________________|
|
| _____________________
| |
|_______________________|_____________________
_Leizer TRUSFUS _____+
| (1768 - 1831)
_Moishe TRUSFUS _____|_Wife UNKNOWN _______
| (1809 - ....)
_Avraham Shaul TRUSFUS _|
| (1833 - 1925) |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_Chaya Pesa UNKNOWN _|_____________________
| (1812 - 1896)
_Feiva Michael TRUSFUS _|
| (1875 - 1964) |
| | _____________________
| | |
| | _____________________|_____________________
| | |
| |_Chana Schul UNKNOWN ___|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
|
|--Ethel TANNENBERG
|
| _____________________
| |
| _____________________|_____________________
| |
| ________________________|
| | |
| | | _____________________
| | | |
| | |_____________________|_____________________
| |
|_Hannah KATZEFF ________|
|
| _____________________
| |
| _____________________|_____________________
| |
|________________________|
|
| _____________________
| |
|_____________________|_____________________
_Eliezer TRUSFUS ____+
| (1862 - 1944)
_Phillip TROPE ______|_Sarah TABAKIN ______
| (1904 - 1979) m 1931 (1870 - 1939)
_Leonard TROPE ______|
| (1938 - ....) m 1967|
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_Thelma GOSS ________|_____________________
| (1908 - 1996) m 1931
_Steven Lance TROPE _|
| (1973 - ....) m 2004|
| | _____________________
| | |
| | _____________________|_____________________
| | |
| |_Hilary HERMAN ______|
| (1943 - 1974) m 1967|
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
|
|--Amelie TROPE
| (2007 - ....)
| _____________________
| |
| _____________________|_____________________
| |
| _____________________|
| | |
| | | _____________________
| | | |
| | |_____________________|_____________________
| |
|_Miri SEEF __________|
(1972 - ....) m 2004|
| _____________________
| |
| _____________________|_____________________
| |
|_____________________|
|
| _____________________
| |
|_____________________|_____________________
_Leizer TRUSFUS _____+
| (1768 - 1831)
_Moishe TRUSFUS _____|_Wife UNKNOWN _______
| (1809 - ....)
_Nissen TRUSFUS _____|
| (1852 - 1924) m 1876|
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_Chaya Pesa UNKNOWN _|_____________________
| (1812 - 1896)
_Louis TROPE ________|
| (1892 - 1978) m 1931|
| | _____________________
| | |
| | _Mordechai MANN _____|_____________________
| | |
| |_Sarah Rivka MANN ___|
| (1860 - 1943) m 1876|
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_Ella UNKNOWN _______|_____________________
|
|
|--Naureen TROPE
| (1935 - ....)
| _____________________
| |
| _____________________|_____________________
| |
| _David JACOBSON _____|
| | (1873 - 1937) m 1902|
| | | _____________________
| | | |
| | |_____________________|_____________________
| |
|_Mercia JACOBSON ____|
(1906 - 1990) m 1931|
| _Moishe TRUSFUS _____+
| | (1809 - ....)
| _Nissen TRUSFUS _____|_Chaya Pesa UNKNOWN _
| | (1852 - 1924) m 1876 (1812 - 1896)
|_Ella TRUSFUS _______|
(1879 - 1917) m 1902|
| _Mordechai MANN _____
| |
|_Sarah Rivka MANN ___|_Ella UNKNOWN _______
(1860 - 1943) m 1876
_Yitzchak TRUSFUS ___+
| (1863 - 1941)
_Harry TROPE ________|_Basha TABAKIN ______
| (1892 - 1986) m 1912 (1869 - 1944)
_Robert Allan TROPE _|
| (1917 - 2005) m 1944|
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_Sylvia LIPMAN ______|_____________________
| (1893 - 1942) m 1912
_Graham Eric TROPE __|
| (1950 - ....) m 1979|
| | _____________________
| | |
| | _____________________|_____________________
| | |
| |_Adele CASSEL _______|
| (1925 - ....) m 1944|
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
|
|--Samantha TROPE
| (1988 - ....)
| _____________________
| |
| _____________________|_____________________
| |
| _____________________|
| | |
| | | _____________________
| | | |
| | |_____________________|_____________________
| |
|_Angela Emma CONTI __|
(1952 - ....) m 1979|
| _____________________
| |
| _____________________|_____________________
| |
|_____________________|
|
| _____________________
| |
|_____________________|_____________________
_Nissen TRUSFUS _____+
| (1852 - 1924) m 1876
_David Bender TRUSFUS _|_Sarah Rivka MANN ___
| (1885 - 1970) (1860 - 1943)
_Lionel TROPE _______|
| (1927 - ....) |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_Helen GOLDING ________|_____________________
| (1892 - 1954)
_Steven Mark TROPE __|
| (1962 - ....) m 1989|
| | _____________________
| | |
| | _______________________|_____________________
| | |
| |_Lindsay MEYERS _____|
| (1937 - ....) |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_______________________|_____________________
|
|
|--Shannon TROPE
| (1991 - ....)
| _____________________
| |
| _______________________|_____________________
| |
| _____________________|
| | |
| | | _____________________
| | | |
| | |_______________________|_____________________
| |
|_Andrea TANCHEL _____|
(1967 - ....) m 1989|
| _____________________
| |
| _______________________|_____________________
| |
|_____________________|
|
| _____________________
| |
|_______________________|_____________________
_Moishe TRUSFUS _____
|
_Leizer TRUSFUS _____|_Wife UNKNOWN _______
| (1768 - 1831)
_Moishe TRUSFUS _____|
| (1809 - ....) |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_Wife UNKNOWN _______|_____________________
|
_Avraham Shaul TRUSFUS _|
| (1833 - 1925) |
| | _____________________
| | |
| | _____________________|_____________________
| | |
| |_Chaya Pesa UNKNOWN _|
| (1812 - 1896) |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
|
|--Eliezer TRUSFUS
| (1862 - 1944)
| _____________________
| |
| _____________________|_____________________
| |
| _____________________|
| | |
| | | _____________________
| | | |
| | |_____________________|_____________________
| |
|_Chana Schul UNKNOWN ___|
|
| _____________________
| |
| _____________________|_____________________
| |
|_____________________|
|
| _____________________
| |
|_____________________|_____________________
_____________________
|
_____________________|_____________________
|
_Melach UDWIN _______|
| (.... - 1967) |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
_Saul UDWIN _________|
| (1922 - 1975) |
| | _____________________
| | |
| | _Chaim Avraham ROM __|_____________________
| | | (.... - 1941)
| |_Bluma ROM __________|
| |
| | _Girsh BLACHER ______+
| | | (1824 - 1913)
| |_Risl BLACHER _______|_Dvoira BLOCH _______
| (1868 - 1941) (1839 - ....)
|
|--Dennis UDWIN
| (1957 - ....)
| _____________________
| |
| _____________________|_____________________
| |
| _____________________|
| | |
| | | _____________________
| | | |
| | |_____________________|_____________________
| |
|_Flora BERNSTEIN ____|
(1927 - 2020) |
| _____________________
| |
| _____________________|_____________________
| |
|_____________________|
|
| _____________________
| |
|_____________________|_____________________
__
|
_Meir VINIK _________|__
|
_Yaakov VINIK _______|
| (1825 - 1874) |
| | __
| | |
| |_Wife UNKNOWN _______|__
|
_Yosl VINIK _________|
| (1850 - ....) |
| | __
| | |
| | _____________________|__
| | |
| |_Sora Merka UNKNOWN _|
| (1826 - ....) |
| | __
| | |
| |_____________________|__
|
|
|--Leyb VINIK
| (1880 - 1925)
| __
| |
| _____________________|__
| |
| _____________________|
| | |
| | | __
| | | |
| | |_____________________|__
| |
|_Mariasha LEIBOVA ___|
(1839 - 1910) |
| __
| |
| _____________________|__
| |
|_____________________|
|
| __
| |
|_____________________|__
_____________________
|
_____________________|_____________________
|
_____________________|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
_Philip WEINBERGER __|
| (1952 - ....) |
| | _____________________
| | |
| | _____________________|_____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
|
|--Sara Chana WEINBERGER
| (1990 - ....)
| _Benjamin KLAVANSKY _
| | (1855 - 1906)
| _Yehoshua KLAVAN ____|_Roche TABAKIN ______
| | (1884 - 1953) m 1910 (1864 - 1926)
| _Hillel KLAVAN ______|
| | (1924 - 2016) |
| | | _____________________
| | | |
| | |_Feiga Dvora SHEFER _|_____________________
| | (1884 - 1961) m 1910
|_Hadassa KLAVAN _____|
(1959 - ....) |
| _____________________
| |
| _____________________|_____________________
| |
|_Myrna JARAY ________|
(1934 - ....) |
| _____________________
| |
|_____________________|_____________________
__
|
_Simon WINTERNITZ ___|__
|
_Abraham WINTERNITZ _|
| (1760 - 1824) |
| | __
| | |
| |_Anna MEYER _________|__
|
_Josef WINTERNITZ ___|
| (1796 - ....) |
| | __
| | |
| | _____________________|__
| | |
| |_Rebeka UNKNOWN _____|
| |
| | __
| | |
| |_____________________|__
|
|
|--Abraham WINTERNITZ
| (1832 - ....)
| __
| |
| _____________________|__
| |
| _____________________|
| | |
| | | __
| | | |
| | |_____________________|__
| |
|_Klara SONNENSCHEIN _|
|
| __
| |
| _____________________|__
| |
|_____________________|
|
| __
| |
|_____________________|__
_Simon WINTERNITZ ___
|
_Abraham WINTERNITZ _|_Anna MEYER _________
| (1760 - 1824)
_Josef WINTERNITZ ___|
| (1796 - ....) |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_Rebeka UNKNOWN _____|_____________________
|
_Abraham WINTERNITZ _|
| (1832 - ....) |
| | _____________________
| | |
| | _____________________|_____________________
| | |
| |_Klara SONNENSCHEIN _|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
|
|--Josef WINTERNITZ
| (1881 - ....)
| _____________________
| |
| _____________________|_____________________
| |
| _____________________|
| | |
| | | _____________________
| | | |
| | |_____________________|_____________________
| |
|_Marie FEIGL ________|
(1836 - ....) |
| _____________________
| |
| _____________________|_____________________
| |
|_____________________|
|
| _____________________
| |
|_____________________|_____________________
_Abraham WINTERNITZ _+
| (1760 - 1824)
_Simon WINTERNITZ _____|_Anna MORAWETZ ______
| (1791 - ....)
_Jakob WINTERNITZ ___|
| (1822 - 1892) |
| | _Jakob POSAMENTIR ___
| | |
| |_Franziska POSAMENTIR _|_Rosalia UNKNOWN ____
| (1793 - ....)
_Karl WINTERNITZ ____|
| (1862 - ....) m 1893|
| | _____________________
| | |
| | _Samuel FEIGL _________|_____________________
| | |
| |_Katharina FEIGL ____|
| (1832 - 1921) |
| | _Jakob STRAUS _______
| | |
| |_Sara Saly STRAUS _____|_Theresia BARON _____
|
|
|--Julius WINTERNITZ
|
| _____________________
| |
| _______________________|_____________________
| |
| _____________________|
| | |
| | | _____________________
| | | |
| | |_______________________|_____________________
| |
|_Marie GöTZL _______|
(1866 - ....) m 1893|
| _____________________
| |
| _______________________|_____________________
| |
|_____________________|
|
| _____________________
| |
|_______________________|_____________________
__
|
__|__
|
__|
| |
| | __
| | |
| |__|__
|
_Eliyahu Akiba WOLPE _|
| |
| | __
| | |
| | __|__
| | |
| |__|
| |
| | __
| | |
| |__|__
|
|
|--Golda WOLPE
| (1870 - 1930)
| __
| |
| __|__
| |
| __|
| | |
| | | __
| | | |
| | |__|__
| |
|_Nechama UNKNOWN _____|
(1842 - 1907) |
| __
| |
| __|__
| |
|__|
|
| __
| |
|__|__
_____________________
|
_____________________|_____________________
|
_____________________|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
_Yechezkel ZWEIG ____|
| (1951 - ....) |
| | _____________________
| | |
| | _____________________|_____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|
| |
| | _____________________
| | |
| |_____________________|_____________________
|
|
|--David ZWEIG
| (1982 - ....)
| _Benjamin KLAVANSKY _
| | (1855 - 1906)
| _Yehoshua KLAVAN ____|_Roche TABAKIN ______
| | (1884 - 1953) m 1910 (1864 - 1926)
| _Hillel KLAVAN ______|
| | (1924 - 2016) |
| | | _____________________
| | | |
| | |_Feiga Dvora SHEFER _|_____________________
| | (1884 - 1961) m 1910
|_Malka KLAVAN _______|
(1954 - ....) |
| _____________________
| |
| _____________________|_____________________
| |
|_Myrna JARAY ________|
(1934 - ....) |
| _____________________
| |
|_____________________|_____________________